Whose picture will make it on the front page tomorrow- A professional press-photographer or a passer-by with a camera phone?
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When the next big disaster occurs, another army of citizen reporters and photographers will instantly take shape. Among them, they will produce some powerful coverage that will augment— perhaps in some cases even outshine— the reporting of journalists. But those shiny nuggets of citizen-reported news will come amid a lot of dreck: bad writing, inaccurate reporting, and outright falsehoods alongside poorly conceived and confusing photos, even Photoshop-enhanced images designed to deceive. Today’s audience for all this citizen journalism has the difficult task of trying to decide if what they read or see is accurate. Let’s face it, most of the public isn’t up to that task, and this is where professional editors need to enter the picture. Though the motto of Ohmynews is every citizen is a reporter (account of what is seen) he can’t be a journalist.
Steve Outing-senior editor for Poynter Online, an interactive-media columnist for Editor & Publisher Online, and a long-time observer of new-media trends says: “Citizen ‘journalism’ is still in its infancy—though the
Indian Ocean tsunami helped it grow up a little faster. But there are real shortcomings right now. If another tsunami- level disaster struck tomorrow, online news consumers would still have to search through a variety of far-flung sources to unearth all the eyewitness photos, videos and personal accounts that would quickly begin flowing onto and through the Internet. It wouldn’t be easy. The opportunity exists for savvy mainstream news organizations to establish themselves as the place to go for firsthand citizen and eyewitness reporting and the place where eyewitnesses know they can go to share their experiences and amateur reporting and be rewarded with a large audience. Citizen journalism might be a train coming down the media-industry tracks. But it’s not on a collision course. Mainstream news organizations and journalists just need to jump on board.”
BBC has already jumped on board. It is doing all it can to tap this vital source of news. Last summer they formed the User Generated Content (UGC) hub, a unit tasked with sifting through the material that the BBC’s audience contributes to the corporation by email and text messages. The UGC verifies its authenticity and legality and ensures that the material is swiftly passed on to various BBC news outlets. Vicky Taylor, the Editor of BBC Interactive says on the corporation’s website that though they are grateful for the high levels of public participation, they adopt a cautious approach.
“You have to be aware that people will try to send in false information and false pictures. We do not publish anything until we have seen it and checked it,” she said.
“Most people genuinely want to see their work published in the best way possible. Very few people are trying to hoax the system, but you have to be aware of those who are,” said
Taylor. (Turning the Digital Deluge into news by Martin Stabe / Press Gazette)
Suddenly, geography is no barrier to widespread communication. Where once, in order to speak your mind you’d need a garden fence, a box in speakers’ corner or at the very least a pub table, now all you need is a computer and an internet connection. Once you’re set up and in front of your keyboard, you are free to create a global virtual community of people who share your interests and hang to your every word if you are good of course.
On the one hand, this opportunity for unhampered vox populi is a breakthrough, a triumph for freedom of speech which has been hailed in some quarters as nothing short of revolutionary, signalling the rise of the citizen journalist and absolute freedom from the power structures that usually restrict or twist information. On the other hand, it also makes on very well aware of the values of a good editor. (Tim Worstall (2005). 2005 Blogged. The Friday Project Ltd.)
Most recent future-of –media prediction says that citizens will become some form of journalist. In this scenario, mainstream media is placed in an adapt-or-die scenario. While citizens are being described as revolutionary forces breaking down ivory towers of Journalism. Is this lowering or raising the standards of expectations from mainstream media?
People are taking over their stories, becoming their stories and sharing their stories and getting their minutes of fame. From American idol to Netflix to Blackberry ordinary citizens are deriving their fame and media trends are influencing how we consume information. The three trends define the new wave of citizen journalism that has hit this digital age.
The first is that- People want to take control of their media. If we stop and think we realise that today most cherished services don’t deliver any new content- you had cable brfore buying a DVR, you read blogs before installing an RSS reader, you bought music before getting an iPod. Yet these are the interfaces and tools that fascinate us. Why? Simply because they have figured out how to deliver content more effectively and more engagingly. They provide you with more control of your media. Empowering users-giving them control-should be single most important goal in digital storytelling says Rex Sorgatz, interactive director and freelance writer. (Nora Paul (2005). Digital Think. QOOP.Inc. 74-78)
It won’t be immediately workable for the people who already get so little attention from big media. Today citizen journalism is mostly the province of a rather narrow and privileged slice of the policy – those who are educated enough to take part in the weird conversation, who have the technical skills, and who are affluent enough to have the time and equipment. But we are leaving too many others behind in our Brave New Economy. They are everyday people, buffeted by change, and outside the conversation, to put discredit, the journalism business and society at large have not listened to them as well as it should. The rise of the citizen-journalism will help us listen. The ability of anyone to make the news will give new voice to people who’ve felt voiceless-and whose words we need to hear. They are showing us- citizen, journalist, newsmakers- new ways of talking, of learning.
In the end, they may help spark a renaissance of the notion, now threatened, of a truly informed citizenry. Self- government demands no less, and we’ll all benefit if we do it right. (Dan Gillmor (2006). We the media- grassroot journalism by the people, for the people. 2nd ed.
UK: O’Reilly.)
Second is that the audience wants to create their content. If Journalists are smirking at the downfall of their marketing departments, they must consider themselves no less guilty of imposing their own form of brand on information- in form of storytelling. Its not that a journalist way of storytelling should die or will dies but that it has to change. We have reached a critical point where readers can become writers, viewers can become editors and the entire process of content creation becomes participatory. With this model in mind, the journalists job is to create environments for stories to evolve in personal ways. We’re just beginning to see the potential of user generated narratives.
The third thing is that people want to connect with others in media communities and share information and opinions. Nano-publishing has caused a breakdown of traditional concepts like communication (one-to-one) and publishing (one-to-many). Some examples where public and personal breakdown: websites that aggregate and organize personal content into social threads (Flickr, Bloglines), private moments become entertainment experiences (reality TV, Celeb sex tapes), communication technologies making online relationships more personal (VOIP, LiveJournal), personal media devices creating global news events (Abu Garib Prisoner Photos taken with a cell phone) and rise of bloggers who review digital media devices. This means people are connecting ideas into networked conversations never seen before.
In words of Dan Gillmore author of We The Media, news is moving away from being a lecture and towards becoming a conversation. The role of journalists becomes creator of environments for unique conversations. This means as citizens change what they can do with media, journalists will need to adapt into new roles as guides, conversationalists, and facilitators.
But what are the challenges that citizen journalism faces? Therein lies a major question about the role of public journalists. Are they merely conscientious citizens, or is there something in the role of journalists that distinguishes them from other citizens? Is the newspaper merely a recorder and reporter of events, or is it a catalyst to change?
A clear voice of opposition comes from Leonard Downie, executive editor of the Washington Post, who challenged both the methods and motives of its practitioners. “Too much f what’s called public journalism,” said Downie, “appears to be what our promotion department does, only with a different kind of name and a fancy evangelistic fervor”. (Case, 1994, p.14)
An equally critical voice came from Richard Aregood, editorial page editor of The Philadelphia Daily News. “What in God’s name are we thinking about?” he asked. He argues that the public journalism crusade is only what good newspapers have always been doing.
But William Woo former Post editor and columnist said: “yes, we have been isolated, detached, arrogant, disconnected, narrow in our definitions of what news is and what isn’t. We have thrived anaerobically, in airless environments. Damn right that we should listen to the public. But should the consensus at the town meeting automatically become our agenda, not merely in editorial support but in the expenditure of resources that determine what other stories do not get covered?” (Mixed News: The public/civic/ communitarian journalism debate. Jay Black. 1997. p 21)
It boils down to something simple: readers (or viewers or listeners) collectively known more than media professionals do. This is true by definition. They are many and we (media professionals) are often just one. We need to recognize and, in the best sense of the word, use their knowledge. If we don’t, our former audience will bolt when they realise they don’t have to settle for half-baked coverage; they can come into the kitchen themselves.






